The Revolutionary War (1775–1783) had its heartbeat in Philadelphia and across the Delaware Valley.

Here, the colonies debated independence, and in the halls of the Continental Congress, the Declaration of Independence was crafted and signed.

The region’s landscape became a proving ground for the fight: the Battle of Paoli and Brandywine, the struggle at Germantown, and the brutal winter encampment at Valley Forge tested the resolve of Washington’s army.

One of the war’s most iconic moments unfolded in Bucks County, where Washington’s army crossed the icy Delaware River on Christmas night, launching a daring surprise attack that revived the cause.

In our farms, taverns, meeting houses, and city streets, the idea of American independence and freedom took root and a new nation began to form.